US and EU criticise Raila oath, call for respect of law

February 2, 2018, 9:08 am

≫ Next: Ethiopia: U.S. Alumni Global Health Workshop Kicks off in Addis

The US Department of State and the European Union have slammed Nasa leader Raila Odinga’s January 30 ‘swearing-in’ and the shutdown of television stations.

In separate press statements posted on their websites on Thursday, they emphasised that all leaders and the government should obey the Kenyan Constitution and the rule of law.

ELECTIONS

The US Department said it rejects “actions that undermine Kenya’s Constitution and the rule of law.”

Department spokesperson Heather Nauert said that Uhuru Kenyatta was elected president on October 26, 2017 in a repeat poll that was upheld by the Supreme Court.

“Grievances must be resolved through appropriate legal mechanisms,” the statement added.

Ethiopia: U.S. Alumni Global Health Workshop Kicks off in Addis

February 7, 2018, 12:23 pm

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The workshop brings together twenty two alumni of U.S.-government sponsored exchange programs from Ethiopia, Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland, and Tanzania

ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia, February 7, 2018/ — U.S. Ambassador Michael Raynor officially opened a three-day regional U.S. Alumni Global Health workshop on February 6, 2018 at the Capital Hotel.

The workshop brings together twenty two alumni of U.S.-government sponsored exchange programs from Ethiopia, Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland, and Tanzania, with the aim of sharing best practices for communicating public health information. The workshop will also provide participants with tools to promote health-seeking behavior through the use of data and health communication strategies and would support the development of a community of State exchange alumni who are active in public health.

In opening remarks Ambassador Raynor said, “When we fail to provide for the health of our citizens, we feel the pain beyond the effects of illness itself. We see the harm when children are unable to attend school. We count the cost to families when parents are unable to work. And we endure the lost opportunity of lives cut short, and of people marginalized or stigmatized by disease. You’re here because you understand these challenges and are already making a difference.”

The Ambassador added, “Like you, the United States has long recognized the importance of a cooperative and multidisciplinary approach to tackling global health challenges. Agencies as diverse as USAID, the Centers for Disease Control, the Peace Corps, the Department of Defense, and the State Department’s Refugee Bureau are working from a variety of angles to improve the health of people in Africa and around the world.”

Through programs such as the Mandela Washington Fellowship, African Fulbright Research Scholars, and International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP), the Department of State hosts a number of exchange programs that offer a chance to share experiences with leaders in the health sector from around the world.

Upon completion of their programs, they become State Department Exchange Alumni, and continue their work and to share what they learned in their home countries. This workshop is part of ongoing efforts to support U.S. Alumni by creating a platform for sharing their of experience and best practices in public health.

The U.S. Department of State organized the workshop in partnership with the Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of U.S. Embassy Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

SOURCE U.S. Embassy Addis Ababa, Ethiopia & Horndiplomat

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Ethiopia: English Access Microscholarship Program Launched at Bahir Dar University

February 28, 2018, 1:10 pm

≫ Next: U.S. military presence in Africa grew again, but “we’re not at war,” top U.S. commander says

≪ Previous: Ethiopia: U.S. Alumni Global Health Workshop Kicks off in Addis

Horndiplomat-ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia, February 27, 2018/ — The English Access Microscholarship Program in Bahir Dar was launched at Bahir Dar University (February 26, 2018). “Through the Access program, Ethiopian youths will acquire English language and life skills that will create new opportunities and pave the way to a successful future,” said Counselor for Public Affairs David Kennedy. He added, “These students are part of Access programs already underway in Debre Birhan, Haramaya and Hawassa. Currently more than 300 youths are participating in Access, and we are extremely proud of their progress.”

Sponsored by the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa, the two-year English Access Microscholarship Program is an after-school English language program for talented 13-to-20 year-olds from disadvantaged communities. The program helps students develop proficiency in the English language from beginners to intermediate level, and provides them with a variety of experiences to enhance their confidence, learn about the United States, and instill volunteerism, positive civic values and attitudes. Access seeks to equip students with strong English language skills that can lead to better jobs, educational opportunities, and gain ability to participate in and compete for exchange and study programs in the United States. 100 students are selected for the program in Bahir Dar, which will take place on weekends and during the summer break.

Since its inception in 2004, approximately 95,000 students in more than 85 countries have participated in the English Access Microscholarship Program.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of U.S. Embassy Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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U.S. military presence in Africa grew again, but “we’re not at war,” top U.S. commander says

March 8, 2018, 12:59 am

≫ Next: US worries China could seize control of DP World’s Djibouti port

≪ Previous: Ethiopia: English Access Microscholarship Program Launched at Bahir Dar University

By Alexa Liautaud Mar 6, 2018

U.S. military presence in Africa grew by more than a thousand troops over the past year, Gen. Thomas Waldhauser, the U.S.’s top commander in Africa, acknowledged Tuesday.

Speaking to the House Armed Services Committee, Waldhauser, the head of U.S. Africa Command, said on any given day the total American force rounded out to roughly 7,500 troops, including 1,000 contractors. In 2017, the U.S had roughly 6,000 troops in Africa on a given day, according to AFRICOM.

Waldhauser said the majority of these U.S. personnel were concentrated in two areas: in the East Africa region — namely Djibouti, Kenya, Somalia — and in the west of the continent.

The new numbers are the latest indication that the U.S. war on terror on the African continent shows no signs of slowing. Waldhauser said the U.S. was focused on fighting violent extremist groups like ISIS affiliates in the Sahel, Boko Haram, al-Shabaab, and al-Qaida. The U.S. has 1,800 personnel fighting joint missions across 13 nations, the size of the continental U.S., according to the annual statement.

Waldhauser specified that the bulk of U.S. forces — more than 4,000 service members— centered on the East Africa region, where U.S. troops are focused on the escalating conflict in Somalia. The U.S. doubled its troop count last year in Somalia — putting boots on the ground in numbers not seen since the “Black Hawk Down” disaster of 1993 — and launched a record number of airstrikes.

But Waldhauser demurred from calling it all-out war.

At the committee meeting, Rep. Beto O’Rourke of Texas asked the general, “Functionally, I would argue that we are at war in Somalia, is that an accurate reading of the situation there?” To which Waldhauser responded, “Congressman, I would say it’s an accurate reading. I wouldn’t characterize that we’re at war. It’s specifically designed for us not to own that.”

But with loosened rules of engagement and a ramp-up in military activity, it’s increasingly hard to tell the difference. U.S. airstrikes rose from 14 to 35 in 2017, according to data provided by the Bureau of Investigation Journalism. And recent reports have highlighted the gray area of AFRICOM’s “advise and assist missions.” The Daily Beast reported in November that U.S. troops were involved in the massacre of 10 civilians in a village in Somalia. Waldhauser pushed back against that report, saying it “just didn’t happen.”

The U.S. military base in Djibouti was also the subject of major concern. Djibouti remains a critical strategic base for the U.S. military largely because of its port and its proximity to Middle Eastern countries. But the Horn of Africa country recently became a source of tension after China chose to build its first overseas base there. Waldhauser described the Chinese location as “right outside our gates.” And while he acknowledged the U.S. wasn’t ignorant of China’s expansionist goals in Africa, he said there may be opportunities for collaboration.

The Niger ambush last October, in which four Army special forces were killed, repeatedly came up during the hearing. Waldhauser said he had submitted the long-awaited report of the attack to Secretary of Defense James Mattis and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joseph Dunford.

Cover image: Marine Gen. Thomas Waldhauser pauses before the start of a hearing before the House Armed Services Committee on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, March 6, 2018, about “National Security Challenges and U.S. Military Activities in Africa. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)

SOURCE:VICENEWS

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US worries China could seize control of DP World’s Djibouti port

March 8, 2018, 1:25 am

≫ Next: Rex Tillerson: the U.S. will continue its “all weather relationship” with the Government of Ethiopia

≪ Previous: U.S. military presence in Africa grew again, but “we’re not at war,” top U.S. commander says

BY OLE ANDERSEN

Published 07.03.18 at 12:03

The seizure of DP World’s port in strategically important Djibouti at the entrance to the Red Sea spurs worries in the US army and among politicians of a Chinese takeover..

The US military commander in charge of the country’s troops in Africa, General Thomas Waldhauser, warns of significant consequences if Chinese interests take control of the important port in Djibouti in the southern part of the Red Sea at the entry point to Suez. The government of the African nation has seized control of the port, which until recently had been operated on a 30-year concession by DP World.

The port and terminal operator calls the seizure illegal. China’s behemoths boost the country’s maritime vision DP World, which is preparing a court arbitration in London, says that the move represents an attempt by the Djibouti government to renegotiate the financial terms of the concession. The case has triggered political concerns in the US, reports Reuters after a congressional hearing Tuesday, at which Congressmen implied that Djibouti will hand the port over to China.

China has already built a military base just a few kilometers from a strategically important US base in Djibouti. The US base is home to more than 4,000 soldiers, including special forces which use the base as a launching point for operations in Yemen and Somalia. “There are some indications of (China) looking for additional facilities, specifically on the eastern coast (…) So Djibouti happens to be the first – there will be more,” said General Waldhauser Tuesday. Cosco Shipping targets more port purchases after Orient Overseas China has invested big-time in infrastructure in Africa and other parts of the world as part of the country’s trade offensive in recent years, which under banner One Belt One Road aims to link Asia to Africa, Europe and other parts of the world.

English Edit: Daniel Logan Berg-Munch

SOURCE: SHIPPINGWATCH

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Rex Tillerson: the U.S. will continue its “all weather relationship” with the Government of Ethiopia

March 8, 2018, 10:22 am

≫ Next: After US Pressure, Djibouti Seizes Control of Port Rather than Gift it to China

≪ Previous: US worries China could seize control of DP World’s Djibouti port

The U.S. Secretary of State, Rex Tillerson said today (March 08) that U.S supports the considerable reforms being carried out by the Government, “all of which we know you will succeed in achieving, ” adding that his Government recognized and shared concerns expressed by the Government of Ethiopia on the ongoing situations in the country and would also continue to commit itself to the “all-weather relationship even when cloud and storm gather.”

The Secretary of State noted this during a joint press briefing with his Ethiopian counterpart, Foreign Minister Dr. Workneh Gebeyehu in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

At the briefing, noting Ethiopia as an important country to start his visits with, Rex Tillerson said the century old relationship will be propped up more than ever mapping out new areas of cooperation as well as invigorating the old ones.

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He dubbed Prime Minister Hailemariam Dessalegn’s resignation as “the first ever voluntary transfer of power” which is “a symbol of the strength of this young democracy.” Mr. Tillerson noted, “We have also seen Ethiopia’s Journey towards democracy. It is a young democracy. And as I’ve indicated democracy is challenging. It is not easy. It is not easy to take a country forward as democratic. And we are here to support Ethiopia’s journey towards democratic society and institutions.”

Given recent events in Ethiopia, Tillerson, called on the government and other stakeholders to refrain from violence. He said, “We encourage the Ethiopian people as well to maintain patience, to maintain support for your Government through this change.” “Violence is simply not a solution”, added the Secretary of State.

Recalling his discussions with Foreign Minister Dr. Workneh, the two sides have dealt in depth on ways of further bolstering issues of mutual interest on, health and peace and security giving particular emphasis to economy. During the discussion the U.S. has noted that it would support Ethiopia’s economic reforms to open up more business in the country and other institutions that would help further accelerate the growth in the country. He said that his Government will continue to assist nearly a million of refugees residing in Ethiopia and praised the Government for this. He commended Ethiopia’s efforts in its largest contribution to the Global peacekeeping as well as it unflinching support to regional peace and stability.

Thanking the U.S. Government for its efforts to understand the situations on the ground in this critical time, Dr. Workneh called his talks with his counterpart “cordial, candid and very fruitful.” He reiterated his Government’s continued commitment to work with the U.S. in areas of economic development and the promotion of peace and security.

Mentioning significant steps forward the two countries have been making in the area of peace and security, Dr. Workneh has urged the need to reinforce ties in economic and development arrays. The Minister has called on U.S. investors to take advantage of the attractive business and investment schemes his Government has put in place.

Source:Ethiopian FOREING MINISTER

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After US Pressure, Djibouti Seizes Control of Port Rather than Gift it to China

March 15, 2018, 11:33 pm

≫ Next: Ethiopia:American companies propose to build USD 2 bln gas refinery

≪ Previous: Rex Tillerson: the U.S. will continue its “all weather relationship” with the Government of Ethiopia

Following complaints from the US military, the East African nation of Djibouti has denied that they would cede an economically and strategically crucial port to China. Beijing opened their first-ever overseas military base in Djibouti in August 2017.

The Doraleh Container Terminal (DCT) is a Red Sea port that was described as the most technologically advanced container terminal in Africa during the 2015 World Scientific International Conference.

The facility, built by the UAE state-owned shipping company DP World, opened in 2009 and can hold 1.76 million tons of shipping capacity. It is the single largest employer in Djibouti and the country’s largest source of revenue.

A contract dispute between Djibouti City and DP World led to a termination of the contract in February. Immediately, foreign investors began to sniff around. The US government also reportedly received word that Djibouti might gift the port to their new ally, China.

But while the US was fine with the DCT being under UAE control, Beijing was another story. US Africa Command leader and US Marine Corps Gen. Thomas Waldhauser told the US House Armed Services Committee that the military could face “significant” consequences if China took control of the port.

On Wednesday, Djibouti Inspector General Issa Sultan announced that DCT will remain “in the hands of our nation,” at least while they sought a new investor.

“There is no China option and no secret plans for the Doraleh Container Terminal,” the inspector general told Reuters. “The port is now 100 percent managed by the state… our ultimate goal remains to invest strongly in the attractiveness of Doraleh and other port facilities in the country.”

Djibouti’s Ambassador to the US Mohamed Siad Doaleh said that his country was “a committed friend and ally of the United States,” and that “nothing could be farther from our intentions” than giving the DCT to China.

He added that Djibouti City had just inked an agreement with Singapore shipping company Pacific International Lines (PIL) to increase the DCT’s capacity.

The US has boosted overtures to Djibouti in recent years, possibly as a response to Chinese interest. It was one of five African nations visited by former US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson during his tour of the continent earlier in March.

DP World, meanwhile, is unsurprisingly displeased. They called the seizure illegal and stated that they intended to sue Djibouti City in the London Court of International Arbitration.

Claiming that DP World had failed to live up to their end of the bargain by developing the port and was instead routing shipments bound for the site to the Jebel Ali port in Dubai, Djibouti terminated the contract in February, c

Djibouti is one of the smallest nations in Africa in both area and population, but it benefits from some choice real estate. Djibouti provides easy access to the nearby Suez Canal via the Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb and it’s one of only two countries to border both the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden — the other being the war-torn country of Yemen.

Djibouti is also politically stable, with a continuous central government since they gained independence from France in 1977. This has made them an attractive site for more powerful nations to set up shop.

China was the most recent foreign power to open a base in Djibouti, a naval base at the Port of Doraleh. France, Italy, Japan and the US have also set up permanent military encampments in the tiny country.

The foreign bases are tremendously beneficial to the Djiboutian economy, as the government is paid $63 million annually by the US in rent and another $100 million by China. That’s not chump change, particularly for a country with a GDP of about $3.7 billion.

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Ethiopia:American companies propose to build USD 2 bln gas refinery

March 15, 2018, 11:50 pm

≫ Next: Ethiopia:U.S. Embassy Statement on the Confirmation of Prime Minister Dr. Abiy Ahmed

≪ Previous: After US Pressure, Djibouti Seizes Control of Port Rather than Gift it to China

By Kaleyesus Bekele

Two American energy firms, Greencomm and Innovative Clear Choice Technologies (ICCT), have proposed to the Ethiopian government to build a natural gas refinery plant that can process gas to liquid petroleum at a cost of two billion dollars.

Ethiopia has proven natural gas reserves in the Ogaden basin. Greencomm and ICCT have proposed to the state-owned Ethiopian Minerals, Petroleum and Bio-Fuel Development Corporation to establish a public private partnership that would build a Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) plant in the Ogaden basin.

Andargie Bekele, petroleum exploration and development director with the Ethiopian Minerals, Petroleum and Bio Fuel Development Corporation, told The Reporter that Greencomm and ICCT have expressed their keen interest in constructing a GTL plant that converts natural gas into synthetic crude oil. Andargie said the proposed GTL technology would produce synthetic crude oil out of which benzene, diesel, jet fuel, kerosene, LPG, and lubricants can be produced.

GTL is not a new technology. It was first innovated by two German scientists in 1926. The Germans used CTL technology (coal to liquid) to produce liquid petroleum from coal during the Second World War. South Africa used the same technology to produce petroleum from coal during the apartheid regime. Until recently GTL technology was expensive as the technology patent right was held by few companies. Many companies now offer different GTL technologies and with the declining price of natural gas the GTL technology is becoming affordable. The US coal fracking technology has also contributed to the reduction in GTL technology cost.

Greencomm and ICCT now proposed to change Ethiopian natural gas in to synthetic crude oil using a GTL technology. The companies plan to build the GTL plant in the Ogaden basin with an outlay of two billion dollars. The companies mull using Axen and Technip, French companies, GTL technology. According to the proposal, Merrill Lynch and Westmore land Equity Fund LLC would finance the project.

Greencomm and ICCT have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Ethiopian Minerals, Petroleum and Bio Fuel Development Corporation to realize the project. Following the proposal made by the companies, experts of the Ethiopian Minerals, Petroleum and Bio Fuel Development Corporation have traveled to Paris, France on a familiarization tour to visit Axen IFP Group.

“We have done three things. We checked the profile of the companies, reviewed the feasibility study and studied the GTL technology,” Andargie told The Reporter. “We reviewed the finance, technical and legal matters which we found it to be viable.”

According to Andargie, Greencomm and ICCT would secure the financing and provide the technology. The Ethiopian government is expected to provide land for the construction of the gas processing plant and investment guarantee. The Ethiopian government through the Ethiopian Minerals, Petroleum and Bio Fuel Development Corporation will have a 15 percent free equity in the project. A new share company would be established in Ethiopia in which Greencomm and ICCT would have a majority share of 85 percent while Ethiopian government will own a minority 15 percent stake.

Oil companies engaged in the oil and gas exploration and development projects in the Ogaden basin are expected to supply natural gas to the proposed GTL plant. The natural gas reserve at Calub and Hilala localities is estimated at four trillion cubic feet (TCF). At Genale 0.6 TCF of gas was discovered by Petronas, the Malaysian oil and gas giant, while 1.4 TCF of gas was discovered in Elkuran locality by New Age, a British oil firm.

The Calub, Hilala and Genale gas fields are found under the concession of a Chinese company, Poly GCL, while the Elkuran concession belongs to New Age. Poly GCL is currently working to develop the Calub and Hilala gas fields. The company has announced its plan to construct a gas pipeline all the way to Djibouti port and build an LNG (Liquid Natural Gas) plant at a cost of four billion dollars.

When signing a production sharing agreement with the then Ministry of Mines in November 2013, Poly GCL had revealed its plan to start exporting gas mainly to China by 2017. However, the gas pipeline construction has not yet commenced to date.

A senior official at the Ministry of Mines, Petroleum and Natural Gas told The Reporter that to realise the new GTL plant construction plan the ministry should negotiate with Poly GCL and New Age and convince them to supply gas to the planned GTL plant. “This could be a daunting task given Poly GCL’s ambitious plan of exporting the gas to China,” the official said.

Andargie said that if the proposed GTL plant can secure 1.4 TCF of gas it can process 35,000 barrels of petroleum products per day for 15-17 years. Ethiopia’s daily fuel consumption is 70,000 barrels. “It is all about energy security. We are fully dependent on imported fuel which is draining the country’s hard earned foreign currency. It is high time for us to focus on producing fuel locally and save the huge sum of foreign currency,” he said.

After reviewing the business plan proposed by Greencomm and ICCT, experts of the Ethiopian Minerals, Petroleum and Bio Fuel Development Corporation submitted a report to the board of directors of the corporation which was chaired by Kassa Tekleberhan, former minister of Federal Affairs. The board remanded the matter to a ministerial committee comprising the Ministry of Mines, Petroleum and Natural Gas, Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electric, Ministry of Industry, National Bank of Ethiopia and National Plan Commission. Up on the recommendation of the ministerial committee the board of directors instructed the corporation to form a team of experts and conduct further study on the project proposal.

Accordingly, a committee was established by directors drawn from the corporation, the Ministry of Mines, Petroleum and Natura Gas, the National Bank of Ethiopia, the Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Public Enterprises, and Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electric. The technical committee reviewed the project proposal presented by Greencomm and ICCT and submitted a report to the CEO of the Ethiopian Minerals, Petroleum and Bio Fuel Development Corporation, Mulugeta Seid, the new board chairman of the corporation Kuang Tutelam (PhD), state minister of Ministry of Mines, Petroleum and natural Gas and the Ministerial Committee.

Andargie said the technical committee submitted the report to the board chairman, Kuang Lutelam, two weeks ago. The board will deliberate on the report and present it to the ministerial committee which would give an instruction that would guide the corporation in dealing with the project.

A seasoned petroleum geologist The Reporter talked to said that the new plan to build a GTL plant in Ethiopia seems a viable plan if the gas producers concede to the proposed project. “Considering the foreign currency crunch that is fumbling the Ethiopian economy it would be wise for the government to utilise the natural gas locally instead of exporting it.”
The petroleum expert said to build an LNG plant there should be atleast 8-9 TCF of natural gas reserve while the country has only an estimated gas reserve of 6.1 TCF. “But the proposed GTL plant requires only 1.2 TCF of gas reserve. Poly-GCL has four TCF at Calub and Hilala and this does not economically justify the construction of a four billion gas pipeline and LNG plant. Unless they discover new gas reserve they cannot be profitable with the existing four TCF,” the expert said. “Besides the LNG plant would be built in Djibouti while the GTL plant is planned to be built in Ethiopia,” he added.

Ethiopia annually imports more than three million metric tons of petroleum valued at 2.8 billion dollars consuming 80 percent of the country’s foreign currency earnings.

SOURCE: THEREPORTER

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Ethiopia:U.S. Embassy Statement on the Confirmation of Prime Minister Dr. Abiy Ahmed

April 2, 2018, 6:23 am

≫ Next: U.S. Conducts Airstrike in Support of the Federal Government of Somalia

≪ Previous: Ethiopia:American companies propose to build USD 2 bln gas refinery

Hordiplomat-| U.S. Embassy In Ethiopia released Statement on the Confirmation of Prime Minister Dr. Abiy Ahmed.

Embassy Statement

We welcome the Ethiopian Parliament’s confirmation of Dr. Abiy Ahmed as the next Prime Minister of Ethiopia, and look forward to working with Dr. Abiy and the Ethiopian government on our shared interests.

We commend the peaceful transfer of power in accordance with Ethiopia’s constitution, which then Prime Minister Hailemariam highlighted when announcing his resignation in February as a step toward advancing political reform, and hope for a smooth transition process.

We stand ready to support the government’s rapid implementation of democratic and economic reforms and look forward to the lifting of the State of Emergency.

By U.S. Embassy Ethiopia

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U.S. Conducts Airstrike in Support of the Federal Government of Somalia

April 4, 2018, 1:57 am

≪ Previous: Ethiopia:U.S. Embassy Statement on the Confirmation of Prime Minister Dr. Abiy Ahmed

No civilians were killed in this airstrike

STUTTGART, Germany, April 3, 2018/ — In coordination with the Federal Government of Somalia, U.S. Forces conducted an airstrike against Al-Shabaab militants near El Burr, Somalia, the afternoon of April 1, killing five (5) terrorists and destroying one (1) vehicle.

We assess no civilians were killed in this airstrike.

U.S. forces will continue to use all authorized and appropriate measures to protect U.S. citizens and to disable terrorist threats. This includes partnering with AMISOM and Somali National Security Forces (SNSF) in combined counterterrorism operations and targeting terrorists, their training camps, and their safe havens throughout Somalia and the region.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Africa Regional Media Hub.
SOURCE:Africa Regional Media Hub

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